20th Generation

728624. Sir Phillip LE BOTELER II Earl of Wollston (!*) was born in 1388 in Watton-at-Stone, Hertfordshire, England. Hertfordshire (often abbreviated Herts) is one of the home counties in England. It is bordered by Bedfordshire to the north, Cambridgeshire to the northeast, Essex to the east, Buckinghamshire to the west and Greater London to the south. For government statistical purposes, it is placed in the East of England region.

In 2013, the county had a population of 1,140,700. living in an area of 634 square miles (1,640 km2). Four towns have between 50,000 and 100,000 residents: Hemel Hempstead, Stevenage, Watford and St Albans.

Hertford, once the main market town for the medieval agricultural county, derives its name from a hart (stag) and a ford, used as the components of the county's coat of arms and flag. Elevations are high for the region in the north and west. These reach over 800 feet (240 m) in the western projection around Tring which is in the Chilterns.

The county's borders are approximately the watersheds of the Colne and Lea; both flowing to the south; each accompanied by a canal. Hertfordshire's undeveloped land is mainly agricultural and much is protected by green belt.
The county's landmarks span many centuries, ranging from the Six Hills in the new town of Stevenage built by local inhabitants during the Roman period, to Leavesden Film Studios. The volume of intact medieval and Tudor buildings surpasses London, in places in well-preserved conservation areas, especially in St. Albans which includes some remains of Verulamium, the town where in the 3rd century an early recorded British martyrdom took place. Saint Alban, a Romano-British soldier, took the place of a Christian priest and was beheaded on Holywell Hill. His martyr's cross of a yellow saltire on a blue background is reflected in the flag and coat of arms of Hertfordshire.

Hertfordshire is well-served with motorways and railways, providing good access to London. The largest sector of the economy of the county is in services.

Hertfordshire was the area assigned to a fortress constructed at Hertford under the rule of Edward the Elder in 913. Hertford is derived from the Anglo-Saxon heort ford, meaning deer crossing (of a watercourse). The name Hertfordshire is first recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 1011. Deer feature in many county emblems.

There is evidence of humans living in Hertfordshire from the Mesolithic period. It was first farmed during the Neolithic period and permanent habitation appeared at the beginning of the Bronze Age. This was followed by tribes settling in the area during the Iron Age.

Following the Roman conquest of Britain in AD 43, the aboriginal Catuvellauni quickly submitted and adapted to the Roman life; resulting in the development of several new towns, including Verulamium (St. Albans) where in c. 293 the first recorded British martyrdom is traditionally believed to have taken place. Saint Alban, a Romano-British soldier, took the place of a Christian priest and was beheaded on Holywell Hill. His martyr's cross of a yellow saltire on a blue background is reflected in the flag and coat of arms of Hertfordshire as the yellow background to the stag or Hart representing the county. He is the Patron Saint of Hertfordshire.

With the departure of the Roman Legions in the early 5th century, the now unprotected territory was invaded and colonised by the Anglo-Saxons. By the 6th century the majority of the modern county was part of the East Saxon kingdom. This relatively short lived kingdom collapsed in the 9th century, ceding the territory of Hertfordshire to the control of the West Anglians of Mercia. The region finally became an English shire in the 10th century, on the merger of the West Saxon and Mercian kingdoms.

A century later, William of Normandy received the surrender of the surviving senior English Lords and Clergy at Berkhamsted, resulting in a new Anglicised title of William the Conqueror before embarking on an uncontested entry into London and his coronation at Westminster. Hertfordshire was used for some of the new Norman castles at Bishop's Stortford, and at King's Langley, a staging post between London and the royal residence of Berkhamsted.

The Domesday Book recorded the county as having nine hundreds. Tring and Danais became one—Dacorum—from Danis Corum or Danish rule harking back to a Viking not Saxon past. The other seven were Braughing, Broadwater, Cashio, Edwinstree, Hertford, Hitchin and Odsey.
The first shooting-down of a zeppelin over Great Britain during WW I happened in Cuffley.

As London grew, Hertfordshire became conveniently close to the English capital; much of the area was owned by the nobility and aristocracy, this patronage helped to boost the local economy. However, the greatest boost to Hertfordshire came during the Industrial Revolution, after which the population rose dramatically. In 1903, Letchworth became the world's first garden city and Stevenage became the first town to redevelop under the New Towns Act 1946.

From the 1920s until the late 1980s, the town of Borehamwood was home to one of the major British film studio complexes, including the MGM-British Studios. Many well-known films were made here including the first three Star Wars movies (IV, V, & VI). The studios generally used the name of Elstree. American director Stanley Kubrick not only used to shoot in those studios but also lived in the area until his death. Big Brother UK and Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? have been filmed there. EastEnders is filmed at Elstree. Hertfordshire has seen development at Leavesden Film Studios developed on the Leavesden Aerodrome site; the Harry Potter series was filmed here and the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye.

The rocks of Hertfordshire belong to the great shallow syncline known as the London Basin. The beds dip in a south-easterly direction towards the syncline's lowest point roughly under the River Thames. The most important formations are the Cretaceous Chalk, exposed as the high ground in the north and west of the county, forming the Chiltern Hills and the younger Palaeocene, Reading Beds and Eocene, London Clay which occupy the remaining southern part. The eastern half of the county was covered by glaciers during the Ice Age and has a superficial layer of glacial boulder clays.

Much of the county is given over to agriculture. One product, now largely defunct, was water-cress, based in Hemel Hempstead and Berkhamsted supported by reliable, clean chalk rivers. Some quarrying of sand and gravel occurs in the St. Albans area. In the past, clay has supplied local brick-making and still does in Bovingdon, just south-west of Hemel Hempstead. The chalk that is the bedrock of much of the county provides an aquifer that feeds streams and is also exploited to provide water supplies for much of the county and beyond. Chalk has also been used as a building material and, once fired, the resultant lime was spread on agricultural land to improve fertility. The mining of chalk since the early 18th century has left unrecorded underground galleries that occasionally collapse unexpectedly and endanger buildings.

Fresh water is supplied to London from Ware, using the New River built by Hugh Myddleton and opened in 1613. Local rivers, although small, supported developing industries such as paper production at Nash Mills.
Hertfordshire affords habitat for a variety of flora and fauna. One bird common in the shire is the Hooded Crow, the old name of which is the eponymous name of the regional newspaper, the Royston Crow published in Royston. He died on 5 November 1421 at the age of 33 in Hertfordshire, England.
He has Ancestral File Number GMWN-Z41. Lady Elizabeth COCKAYNE Countess of Hartley (!)(*) and Sir Phillip LE BOTELER II Earl of Wollston (!*) were married before 1412 in Cockayne Hatley, Bedfordshire, England. From WikiTree, an article about the Manor of Higham Gobion: "Hawise (Gobion) married Ralph Butler (le Boteler), to whom she brought the manor as her inheritance, after the death of her mother, Margaret, in 1311. The next year, Ralph and Hawise made a settlement of the manor, and on Ralph's death, in 1342, Hawise still surviving, the reversion of the manor was inherited by their grandson Ralph (le Boteler), his father, Sir John, having died in 1339.

In 1346, Hawise held 1 fee in Higham, and their estate by that date had been augmented by the acquisition of lands held in 1303 and 1316 by Thomas Paynel and Elizabeth (Gobion), his wife, the other sister and co-heiress.

Hawise died in 1360, and as her grandson Ralph (le Boteler) had predeceased her in 1348, the manor was inherited by his brother, Sir Edward. He died without issue in 1412, when the manor was inherited by his kinsman, Sir Philip Butler (le Boteler), of Woodhall in Watton, Hertfordshire, grandson of Sir Edward's uncle, Ralph.

Sir Philip (le Boleter) died a few years later, in 1420, and his widow, Elizabeth (Cockayne), married as her second husband Laurene Cheyne, who was holding the manor in right of his wife in 1428. Sir Philip's son and heir, Edward, died a minor in the same year as his father, and was succeeded by his brother Philip, aged fifteen, in 1429. This Philip (Boteler), who was holding the courts of the manor in 1450-51, died in 1453, and was succeeded by his son, John, whose son Sir Philip died seised of the manor in 1545."

From WikiTree, an article about the Manor of Streatley with Sharpenhoe: "In 1274, Hugh de Gobion died seised of Steatley manor, leaving as heir his son Richard, who rendered feudal service in Streatley ten years later. He (Richard) died in 1300, leaving two daughters, Hawise, wife of Ralph Butler (le Boteler), and Elizabeth as co-heirs. Streately manner passed to the former, and was held by Ralph Butler (le Boteler) in right of his wife until his death in 1342, when he left their grandson Ralph as his heir.

Hawise, however, retained the manor until her death, which took place in 1360, when her grandson Ralph having predeceased her in 1348, Sir Edward Butler, his brother, inherited Streatley with Sharpenhoe manor. Sir Edward died without an heir in 1412, and Philip (Boteler) his second cousin, inherited his estates.

Sir Philip (le Boteler) died in 1420, when his widow (Elizabeth Cockayne), who afterwards married Laurence Cheyne, owed feudal service for the manor."

728625. Lady Elizabeth COCKAYNE Countess of Hartley (!)(*) was born about 1394 in Bury Hatley, Bedfordshire, England. She died in 1439 at the age of 45 in Bury Hatley, Bedfordshire, England. (The Geni.com website lists her place of death as Bury, Bedfordshire, England.)
She has Ancestral File Number GMQW-BL2.

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